Deacidification is an important step in oil refining process. Deacidification is a common process operation in food processing and chemical production, and its purpose is to remove acidic substances from raw materials in order to improve the purity and quality of products.

There are two commonly used methods for refining deacidification: physical deacidification, alkali refining neutralization method deacidification. Physical deacidification is to remove acid from oil by physical means, mainly through high temperature distillation and high temperature filtration. The neutralization of alkali refining and deacidification by method is to neutralize the acidic substances in oil by adding alkaline substances, thus transforming the acidic substances into salts, and finally achieving the purpose of deacidification.
In physical deacidification, high temperature distillation is a common method. By heating crude oil, the acidic substances in it are volatilized at high temperature, so as to achieve the effect of deacidification. This method is simple to operate, but it consumes high energy and has certain requirements for the composition of crude oil.
Another physical deacidification method is high temperature filtration. At high temperature, the acidic substances in crude oil are filtered out by a filter, so as to achieve the purpose of deacidification. This method requires high equipment, but the energy consumption is relatively low.
The neutralization of alkali refining and deacidification by method is to deacidify by adding alkaline substances and neutralizing the acidic substances in oil. Commonly used alkaline substances include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. During the reaction, acidic substances and alkaline substances are neutralized to form salts and release water. In this way, the acidic substances in crude oil can be effectively removed.
In addition to the above two main deacidification methods, there are some other auxiliary deacidification methods. For example, a certain amount of water can be added in the process of alkali refining and deacidification, and acidic substances can be converted into free fatty acids through hydrolysis reaction, so that neutralization reaction with alkaline substances can occur more easily. In addition, molecular distillation, ion exchange resin adsorption and other methods can be used for deacidification.
Generally speaking, deacidification is a very important part in the refining process. Different deacidification methods have their own characteristics, and the appropriate method can be selected according to the composition and process requirements of crude oil. With the continuous progress of science and technology, it is believed that there will be more and more efficient deacidification methods, which will bring greater development space for the refining industry.